Orthodontics
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
|
WikiDoc Resources for Orthodontics | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Most recent articles on Orthodontics Most cited articles on Orthodontics | |
|
Media | |
|
Powerpoint slides on Orthodontics | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Orthodontics at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Orthodontics at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Orthodontics
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Patient resources on Orthodontics Discussion groups on Orthodontics Patient Handouts on Orthodontics Directions to Hospitals Treating Orthodontics Risk calculators and risk factors for Orthodontics
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Orthodontics | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Businness | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusions (improper bites), which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both. The word comes from the Greek words ortho meaning straight and odons meaning tooth.
Orthodontic treatment can focus on dental displacement only, or can deal with the control and modification of facial growth. In the latter case it is better defined as "dentofacial orthopedics". Orthodontic treatment can be carried out for purely aesthetic reasons—improving the general appearance of patients' teeth and face for cosmetic reasons—but treatment is often prescribed for practical reasons, providing the patient with a functionally improved bite (occlusion). The father of orthodontics is Dr.E.H.Angle and father of modern orthodontics is Dr.C.Jacob.
Methods
If the main goal of the treatment is the dental displacement, most commonly a fixed multibracket therapy is used. In this case orthodontic wires are inserted into dental braces, which can be made from stainless steel or a more esthetic ceramic material.
After a course of active orthodontic treatment, patients will often wear retainers, which will maintain the teeth in their improved position while the surrounding bone reforms around them. The retainers are generally worn full-time for a short period, perhaps 6 months to a year, and then worn periodically (typically nightly during sleep) for as long as the orthodontist recommends. It is possible for the teeth to stay aligned without regular retainer wear. However, there are many reasons teeth will crowd as a person ages; thus there is no guarantee that teeth, orthodontically treated or otherwise, will stay aligned without retention. For this reason, many orthodontists recommend periodic retainer wear for many years (or indefinitely) after orthodontic treatment.
Appropriately trained doctors align the teeth with respect to the surrounding soft tissues, with or without movement of the underlying bones, which can be moved either through growth modification in children or jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) in adults.
Several appliances are utilized for growth modification; including functional appliances, Headgear and Facemasks.
These "orthopedic appliances" may influence the development of an adolescent's profile and give an improved aesthetic and functional result.
Conditions
The most common condition that the methods of orthodontics are used for is correcting anteroposterior discrepancies. Another common situation leading to orthodontic treatment is crowding of the teeth.
Anteroposterior discrepancies
Anteroposterior discrepancies are deviations between the teeth of the upper and lower jaw in the anteroposterior direction. For instance, the top teeth can be too far forward relative to the lower teeth ("increased overjet".) The headgear is attached to the braces via metal hooks or a facebow and is anchored from the back of the head or neck with straps or a head-cap. Elastic bands are typically then used to apply pressure to the bow or hooks. Its purpose is to slow-down or stop the upper jaw from growing, hence preventing or correcting an overjet. For more details and photographs, see Headgear - Orthodontic.
Crowding of teeth
Another common situation leading to orthodontic treatment is crowding of the teeth. In this situation, there is insufficient room for the normal complement of adult teeth, which can sometimes motivate tooth extraction|teeth being extracted in order to make enough room for the remaining teeth.
Diagnosis and treatment planning
In diagnosis and treatment planning, the orthodontist must (1) recognize the various characteristics of malocclusion and dentofacial deformity; (2) define the nature of the problem, including the etiology if possible; and (3) design a treatment strategy based on the specific needs and desires of the individual. (4) present the treatment strategy to the patient in such a way that the patient fully understands the ramifications of his/her decision. [1]
Training
Various countries have their own systems for training and registering specialist orthodontists; generally a period of full-time post-graduate study is required for a dentist to qualify as an orthodontist. The orthodontic specialty is the earliest dental specialty.
Europe
In the United Kingdom, this training period lasts three years, after completion of a membership from a Royal College. A further two years is then completed to train to consultant level, after which a fellowship examination from the Royal College is sat. In other parts of Europe, a similar pattern is followed. It is always worth contacting the professional body responsible for registering orthodontists to ensure that the orthodontist you wish to consult is a recognized specialist.
United States
A number of medical and dental schools in the United States offer advanced education in the specialty of Orthodontics to dentists seeking postgraduate education. The courses range from two to three years of full-time classes and clinical work in the clinical and theoretical aspects of orthodontics. Generally, admission is based on an application process followed by an extensive interviewing process by the institution, in order to select the best candidate. Candidates usually have to contact the individual school directly for the application process. A list of orthodontic schools can be obtained from the American Association of Orthodontists[3].
See also
References
External links
- American Association of Orthodontists
- American Board of Orthodontics
- Azeri Orthodontic Society (AOD)
- British Orthodontic Society (BOS)
- International Association for Orthodontics
- Orthodontic Technicians Association (OTA)
- Turkish Orthodontic Society (TOD)
- World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO)
- World Society of Lingual Orthodontics (WSLO)
Orthodontics | |
|---|---|
| Diagnoses | Crossbite - Malocclusion - Open bite - Prognathism - Retrognathism |
| Appliances | Archwire - Braces - Headgear - Invisalign - Ligature - Palatal expander - Quad helix - Retainer |
| Procedures | Accelerated Orthodontic Treatment - Cantilever mechanics |
| Other specialties | Endodontology - Periodontology - Prosthodontology |
| Organizations | American Association of Orthodontists - British Orthodontic Society - Canadian Association of Orthodontists - Orthodontic National Group - Orthodontic Technicians Association |
Dentistry | |
|---|---|
| Main Specialties | Endodontics - Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology - Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics - Pedodontics - Periodontics - Prosthodontics - Dental public health - Restorative Dentistry |
| Subspecialties | Cosmetic Dentistry - Dental Implantology - Temporomandibular Joint Disorder - Geriatric dentistry |
| Other | Forensic Odontology |
| Lists | List of oral health and dental topics - List of basic dentistry topics |
az:Ortodontiya
zh-min-nan:Khí-go̍k kiáu-chèng-ha̍k
ca:Ortodòncia
de:Kieferorthopädie
el:Ορθοδοντικήfa:ارتودنسی
fr:Orthodontie
it:Ortodonzia
nl:Orthodontie
ja:歯科矯正学fi:Ortodontia
sv:Ortodonti
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
