Parasympathetic ganglion

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Parasympathetic ganglion
Autonomic nervous system innervation, showing the sympathetic and parasympathetic (craniosacral) systems, in red and blue, respectively
Latin	ganglion parasympathicum
Dorlands/Elsevier	g_02/12384744

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Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. The exceptions are the four paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck.

Parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck

These paired ganglia supply all parasympathetic innervation to the head and neck.

• ciliary ganglion (spincter pupillae, ciliary muscle)
• pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland, glands of nasal cavity)
• submandibular ganglion (submandibular and sublingual glands)
• otic ganglion (parotid gland)

Roots

Each has three roots entering the ganglion and a variable number of exiting branches.

• The motor root carries presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers (GVE) that terminate in the ganglion by synapsing the postsynaptic fibers traveling to target organs.
• The sympathetic root carries postsynaptic sympathetic fibers (GVE) that traverse the ganglion without synapsing.
• The sensory root carries general sensory fibers (GSA) that also do not synapse in the ganglion.

Some ganglia also carry special sensory fibers (SVA) for taste sensation.

Nerves supplying parasympathetic fibers

• oculomotor nerve (ciliary ganglion)
• facial nerve (pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion)
• glossopharyngeal nerve (otic ganglion)
• vagus nerve (no named ganglion)
• Pelvic splanchnic nerves (no named ganglion)

External links

• Histology at BU 04601loa
• Parasympathetic+ganglia at eMedicine Dictionary
• Anatomy at UMich head_autonomics_module/autonomics_04
• The Autonomic Nervous System from the University of Arizona
• Diagrams
• "Terminal ganglion - Auerbach's plexus - plastic section"

v • d • e Nerves - autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion)
Head/cranial	Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic) - Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal - nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine (inferior posterior nasal branches) - lesser palatine - nasopalatine (medial superior posterior nasal branches) - pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion
Neck/cervical	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia (Superior, Middle, Inferior) - Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus - Internal carotid
Chest/thorax	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus - Esophageal plexus - Pulmonary plexus - Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary - thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior - Middle - Inferior
Abdomen/Lumbar	paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia (Aorticorenal) - Superior mesenteric ganglion - Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus - (Hepatic, Splenic, Pancreatic) - aorticorenal (Abdominal aortic plexus, Renal/Suprarenal) - Superior mesenteric (Gastric) - Inferior mesenteric (Spermatic, Ovarian) - Superior hypogastric (hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) - Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle rectal) splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves enteric nervous system: Meissner's plexus • Auerbach's plexus
Pelvis/sacral	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia - Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves - Sacral splanchnic nerves
All	Rami communicans (White, Gray) - Preganglionic fibers - Postganglionic fibers

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .