Pectinate line

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Overview

Pectinate line
Pectinate line labeled at bottom center.
The interior of the anal cami and lower part of the rectum, showing the columns of Morgagni and the anal valves between their lower ends. (Pectinate line visible but not labeled.)
Latin	linea anocutanea
Dorlands/Elsevier	l_10/12496033

WikiDoc Resources for Pectinate line
Articles
Most recent articles on Pectinate line Most cited articles on Pectinate line Review articles on Pectinate line Articles on Pectinate line in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Pectinate line Images of Pectinate line Photos of Pectinate line Podcasts & MP3s on Pectinate line Videos on Pectinate line
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Pectinate line Bandolier on Pectinate line TRIP on Pectinate line
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Pectinate line at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Pectinate line Clinical Trials on Pectinate line at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Pectinate line NICE Guidance on Pectinate line NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Pectinate line CDC on Pectinate line
Books
Books on Pectinate line
News
Pectinate line in the news Be alerted to news on Pectinate line News trends on Pectinate line
Commentary
Blogs on Pectinate line
Definitions
Definitions of Pectinate line
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Pectinate line Discussion groups on Pectinate line Patient Handouts on Pectinate line Directions to Hospitals Treating Pectinate line Risk calculators and risk factors for Pectinate line
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Pectinate line Causes & Risk Factors for Pectinate line Diagnostic studies for Pectinate line Treatment of Pectinate line
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Pectinate line
International
Pectinate line en Espanol Pectinate line en Francais
Businness
Pectinate line in the Marketplace Patents on Pectinate line
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Pectinate line

The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anal verge, anorectal junction) is a line which marks the end of the rectum and the beginning of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line provides the hindgut and proctodeum junction.

It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:

Distinction	Above pectinate line	Below pectinate line
destination of lymph drainage	internal iliac lymph nodes, inferior mesenteric lymph nodes	superficial inguinal lymph nodes
epithelium	columnar epithelium (as is most of the digestive tract - the line represents the end of the part of the body derived from the hindgut)	stratified squamous epithelium (as is most of the skin.)
blood	superior rectal artery	inferior rectal arteries
hemorrhoids classification	internal hemorrhoids (not painful)	external hemorrhoids (painful)
nerves	inferior hypogastric plexus	inferior rectal nerves

Additional images

Microscopic cross section of the recto-anal junction.

Anatomy of the anus and rectum

Coronal section of rectum and anal canal.

External links

• Pectinate+line at eMedicine Dictionary
• Norman/Georgetown pelvis
• GI49 at FPnotebook

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Pectinate line
Articles on Pectinate line	Most recent articles on Pectinate line • Most cited articles on Pectinate line • Review articles on Pectinate line • Articles on Pectinate line in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Pectinate line	Powerpoint slides on Pectinate line • Images of Pectinate line • Photos of Pectinate line • Podcasts & MP3s on Pectinate line • Videos on Pectinate line
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Pectinate line	Cochrane Collaboration on Pectinate line • Bandolier on Pectinate line • TRIP on Pectinate line
Cost Effectiveness of Pectinate line	Cost Effectiveness of Pectinate line
Clinical Trials Involving Pectinate line	Ongoing Trials on Pectinate line at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Pectinate line • Clinical Trials on Pectinate line at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Pectinate line	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Pectinate line • NICE Guidance on Pectinate line • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Pectinate line • CDC on Pectinate line
Textbook Information on Pectinate line	Books and Textbook Information on Pectinate line
Pharmacology Resources on Pectinate line	Dosing of Pectinate line • Drug interactions with Pectinate line • Side effects of Pectinate line • Allergic reactions to Pectinate line • Overdose information on Pectinate line • Carcinogenicity information on Pectinate line • Pectinate line in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Pectinate line •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Pectinate line	Genetics of Pectinate line • Pharmacogenomics of Pectinate line • Proteomics of Pectinate line
Newstories on Pectinate line	Pectinate line in the news • Be alerted to news on Pectinate line • News trends on Pectinate line
Commentary on Pectinate line	Blogs on Pectinate line
Patient Resources on Pectinate line	Patient resources on Pectinate line • Discussion groups on Pectinate line • Patient Handouts on Pectinate line • Directions to Hospitals Treating Pectinate line • Risk calculators and risk factors for Pectinate line
Healthcare Provider Resources on Pectinate line	Symptoms of Pectinate line • Causes & Risk Factors for Pectinate line • Diagnostic studies for Pectinate line • Treatment of Pectinate line
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Pectinate line	CME Programs on Pectinate line
International Resources on Pectinate line	Pectinate line en Espanol • Pectinate line en Francais
Business Resources on Pectinate line	Pectinate line in the Marketplace • Patents on Pectinate line
Informatics Resources on Pectinate line	List of terms related to Pectinate line

v • d • e Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract
Upper GI: to stomach	Mouth • Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) • Esophagus • Crop
Upper GI: stomach	rugae - gastric pits - cardia/gland - fundus/gland - pylorus/gland - pyloric antrum - pyloric canal - greater curvature - lesser curvature - angular incisure
Lower GI: intestines	Small intestine: Duodenum (Suspensory muscle, Major duodenal papilla, Minor duodenal papilla) • Duodenojejunal flexure • Jejunum • Ileum • continuous (intestinal villus, crypts of Lieberkühn, circular folds) Junction: Vermiform appendix • Ileocecal valve Large intestine: Cecum • Colon (ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon) • continuous (taenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendix)
Lower GI: termination	Rectum: Houston valve • rectal ampulla • pectinate line Anal canal: anal valves • anal sinuses • anal columns • Hilton's white line Anus: Sphincter ani internus muscle • Sphincter ani externus muscle
Lower GI: lymph	GALT: Peyer's patches (M cells)

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .