Pemoline
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| Image:Pemoline.svg | |
| Pemoline
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-one | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | N06 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C9H8N2O2 |
| Mol. mass | 176.172 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 50% bound to plasma proteins |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Half life | 12 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
B U.S. |
| Legal status |
Schedule IV (United States)Schedule IV (Canada)Lista II (Argentina) |
| Routes | Oral |
Pemoline (sold as Cylert) is a medication used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, it is a Schedule IV drug.[1]
Pemoline has some advantages over other stimulants in that it does not reduce the appetite or cause dry mouth.
Hepatotoxicity and discontinuation
In some patients Pemoline is suspected of causing hepatotoxicity, so regular liver tests are performed on those treated with it. Since receiving FDA approval in 1975, it has been linked with 21 cases of liver failure, of which 13 resulted in liver replacement or death. In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew approval for pemoline due to pressure from certain public advocacy groups, including Public Citizen. The patient support group "Narcolepsy Network"[1] tried to persuade the FDA not to ban it, on the grounds that some patients find all other treatments ineffective or to have debilitating side effects. The medication was used by an estimated 10,000 Americans afflicted with narcolepsy. A more potent analogue of pemoline, 4-methylaminorex has appeared as a black market drug with abuse potential similar to methamphetamine.
In March 2005, Abbott Laboratories (Cylert marketer) had discontinued the production of Cylert arguing economic reasons.
References
See also
External links
- Pemoline monograph at HealthyPlace.com
- AScribe Newswire press release about the withdrawal.
- Pemoline (patient information)
- Cylert Discontinued Press Release
Psychoanaleptics: psychostimulants, agents used for ADHD and nootropics (N06B) | |
|---|---|
| Centrally acting sympathomimetics | Amphetamine - Amphetaminil - Atomoxetine - Dextroamphetamine - Dextromethamphetamine - Fencamfamin - Fenozolone - Fenetylline - Methylphenidate - Mesocarb - Pemoline - Pipradrol - Prolintane |
| Xanthine derivatives | Caffeine - Propentofylline |
| Racetams | Aniracetam - Oxiracetam - Phenylpiracetam - Piracetam - Pramiracetam |
| Ampakines | CX-516 - CX-546 - CX-614 - CX-691 - CX-717 - IDRA-21 - LY-503,430 - PEPA |
| Eugeroics | Adrafinil - Armodafinil - Modafinil |
| Other psychostimulants and nootropics | Acetylcarnitine - Citicoline - Cyprodenate - Idebenone - Deanol - Dimebon - Fipexide - Linopirdine - Meclofenoxate - Nizofenone - Pirisudanol - Pyritinol - Sulbutiamine - Vinpocetine |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
