Polyhydramnios
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| Polyhydramnios Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | O40. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 657 |
| DiseasesDB | 10319 |
| MedlinePlus | 003267 |
| eMedicine | radio/566 |
| MeSH | D006831 |
Polyhydramnios (polyhydramnion, hydramnios) is the medical condition of too much amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. It is seen in 0.5 to 2% of pregnancies.[citation needed]
The opposite to Polyhydramnios is Oligohydramnios. This is a deficiency in amniotic fluid. It is very rare.
Contents |
Causes
Polyhydramnios is generally due to maternal diabetes (around 20% of cases) and results from hyperglycemia of the fetus which results in fetal polyuria (fetal urine is a major source of amniotic fluid). About 20% of the cases of polyhydramnios are associated with fetal anomalies that impairs the ability of the fetus to swallow (because the fetus normally swallows amniotic fluid and absorbs it through its intestinal villi). This includes:
- gastrointestinal abnormalities such as esophageal atresia and duodenal atresia
- chromosomal abnormalities such as Down's syndrome (which is itself often associated with GI abnormalities)
- neurological abnormalities such as anencephaly, which impair the swallowing reflex
In a multiple gestation pregnancy, twin-twin transfusion syndrome is usually the cause.
Associated conditions
Fetuses with polyhydramnios are at risk for a number of other problems including cord prolapse, placental abruption and perinatal death. At delivery the baby should be checked for congenital abnormalities.
Treatment
In some cases, amnioreduction has been used in response to polyhydramnios.[1]
References
External links
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Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O, 630-676) |
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|---|---|
| Pregnancy with abortive outcome | Ectopic pregnancy - Hydatidiform mole - Anencephaly - some Teratoma |
| Oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders | Pregnancy-induced hypertension - Pre-eclampsia - Eclampsia - Gestational diabetes |
| Other, predominantly related to pregnancy | Gestational pemphigoid |
| Maternal care related to the fetus and amniotic cavity and possible delivery problems | Polyhydramnios - Oligohydramnios - Chorioamnionitis - Premature rupture of membranes - Amniotic band syndrome - Placenta praevia - Braxton Hicks contractions - Antepartum haemorrhage - Placental abruption |
| Complications of labour and delivery | Premature birth - Dystocia (Shoulder dystocia) - Fetal distress - Uterine rupture - hemorrhage - Placenta accreta |
| Other | Puerperal fever - Maternal death |
