Premolar
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| Premolar | |
|---|---|
 | |
| The permanent teeth, viewed from the right. | |
 | |
| Permanent teeth of right half of lower dental arch, seen from above. | |
| Latin | dentes premolares |
| Gray's | subject #242 1118 |
| MeSH | Premolar |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | t_13/12813062 |
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Overview
The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. It has properties of both the anterior canines and posterior molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars.
The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar.
There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar always presents with two lingual cusps.
Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceded by deciduous molars. In primitive mammals there are four premolars per quadrant. The most mesial two have been lost in New World monkeys, apes, and humans. Paleontologists refer to human premolars as Pm3 and Pm4.
Additional images
 Mouth (oral cavity) |
 Left maxilla. Outer surface. |
 Base of skull. Interior surface. |
de:Prämolar fr:Prémolaire it:Premolare lt:Kapliai nl:Premolaar ja:小臼歯 sr:Преткутњаци sv:Premolarer
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
