Pseudobulbar palsy

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Pseudobulbar palsy Classification and external resources
ICD-9	335.23
DiseasesDB	10826
MeSH	D020828

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Pseudobulbar palsy is bilateral impairment of the function of the lower cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 and 12 due to upper motor neurone lesion of the bulbar muscles from lesions of the corticobulbar pathways in the pyramidal tract.

Causes

• Vascular causes: Bilateral hemisphere infarction
• Degenerative disorders: motor neuron disease
• Inflammatory disorders: Multiple sclerosis
• Malignancy: High brain stem tumors

Symptoms

These include:

• Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
• Labile affect
• Dysarthria

Signs

These include:

• Speech is slow, thick and indistinct
• Gag reflex is normal or exaggerated
• Tongue is small, stiff and spastic
• Jaw jerk is brisk
• There may be upper motor neurone lesion of the limbs.

Bulbar palsy is a similar disorder but is caused by lower motor neurone lesions

See also

• Corticobulbar tract
• Bulbar palsy

External links

• 248512525 at GPnotebook - "pseudobulbar palsy"
• 456458269 at GPnotebook - "comparison of bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy"
• eNotes

v • d • e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G00-G47, 320-349)
Inflammatory diseases of the CNS	Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) - Encephalitis - Myelitis - Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) - Tropical spastic paraparesis
Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the CNS	Huntington's Spinocerebellar ataxia (Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Hereditary spastic paraplegia) Spinal muscular atrophy: Werdnig-Hoffman - Kugelberg-Welander - Fazio Londe - MND (ALS, PMA, PBP, PP, PLS)
Extrapyramidal and movement disorders	Parkinson's disease - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Postencephalitic parkinsonism - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration - Progressive supranuclear palsy - Striatonigral degeneration Dystonia/Dyskinesia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) Essential tremor - Myoclonus - Lafora Chorea (Choreoathetosis) - Restless legs - Stiff person
Other degenerative / demyelinating diseases	Alzheimer's - Pick's - Alpers' - Dementia with Lewy bodies - Leigh's demyelinating: Multiple sclerosis - Devic's - Central pontine myelinolysis - Transverse myelitis
Seizure/epilepsy	Focal (Simple partial, Complex partial) - Generalised (Tonic-clonic, Absence, Atonic, Benign familial neonatal) Lennox-Gastaut - West - Epilepsia partialis continua - Status epilepticus (Complex partial status epilepticus)
Headache	Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) - Cluster - Vascular - Tension
Vascular	Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) Cerebrovascular disease (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke)
Sleep disorders	Insomnia - Hypersomnia - Sleep apnea (Ondine's curse) - Narcolepsy - Cataplexy - Kleine-Levin - Circadian rhythm sleep - Delayed sleep phase - Advanced sleep phase
Other	Intracranial hypertension: Hydrocephalus (Normal pressure) - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Encephalopathy - Brain herniation - Cerebral edema - Reye's - Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia - Spinal cord compression

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .