Quadratus lumborum muscle
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| Quadratus lumborum muscle | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| The relations of the kidneys from behind. (Quadratus lumborum visible at lower left.) | ||
| Deep muscles of the back. (Quadratus lumborum visible at bottom left.) | ||
| Latin | musculus quadratus lumborum | |
| Gray's | subject #118 420 | |
| Origin: | iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament | |
| Insertion: | Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae | |
| Artery: | Lumbar arteries, lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery | |
| Nerve: | The twelfth thoracic and first through fourth lumbar nerves | |
| Action: | Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | m_22/12550391 | |
The Quadratus lumborum is irregularly quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above.
Origin and insertion
It arises by aponeurotic fibers from the iliolumbar ligament and the adjacent portion of the iliac crest for about 5 cm., and is inserted into the lower border of the last rib for about half its length, and by four small tendons into the apices of the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae.
Occasionally a second portion of this muscle is found in front of the preceding. It arises from the upper borders of the transverse processes of the lower three or four lumbar vertebræ, and is inserted into the lower margin of the last rib.
Relations
In front of the Quadratus lumborum are the colon, the kidney, the Psoas major and minor, and the diaphragm; between the fascia and the muscle are the twelfth thoracic, ilioinguinal, and iliohypogastric nerves.
Variations
The number of attachments to the vertebræ and the extent of its attachment to the last rib vary.
Actions
The quadratus lumborum can perform three actions:
- Lateral flexion of vertebral column, with ipsilateral contraction
- Extension of lumbar vertebral column, with bilateral contraction
- Fixes ribs for forced expiration
Additional images
 Right hip bone. Internal surface. |
 Diagram of a transverse section of the posterior abdominal wall, to show the disposition of the lumbodorsal fascia. |
 The diaphragm. Under surface. |
|
 Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions. |
 The lumbar plexus and its branches. |
 The abdominal aorta and its branches. |
|
 Horizontal disposition of the peritoneum in the lower part of the abdomen. |
 Transverse section, showing the relations of the capsule of the kidney. |
External links
- LUC ql
- -1234501552 at GPnotebook
- quadratus+lumborum+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
- Atlas of anatomy at UMich abdo_wall70 - "Posterior Abdominal Wall, Dissection, Anterior View"
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
