Respiratory failure

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Respiratory failure Classification and external resources
ICD-10	J96.
ICD-9	518.81
DiseasesDB	6623
eMedicine	med/2011
MeSH	D012131

WikiDoc Resources for Respiratory failure
Articles
Most recent articles on Respiratory failure Most cited articles on Respiratory failure Review articles on Respiratory failure Articles on Respiratory failure in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Respiratory failure Images of Respiratory failure Photos of Respiratory failure Podcasts & MP3s on Respiratory failure Videos on Respiratory failure
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Respiratory failure Bandolier on Respiratory failure TRIP on Respiratory failure
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Respiratory failure at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Respiratory failure Clinical Trials on Respiratory failure at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Respiratory failure NICE Guidance on Respiratory failure NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Respiratory failure CDC on Respiratory failure
Books
Books on Respiratory failure
News
Respiratory failure in the news Be alerted to news on Respiratory failure News trends on Respiratory failure
Commentary
Blogs on Respiratory failure
Definitions
Definitions of Respiratory failure
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Respiratory failure Discussion groups on Respiratory failure Patient Handouts on Respiratory failure Directions to Hospitals Treating Respiratory failure Risk calculators and risk factors for Respiratory failure
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Respiratory failure Causes & Risk Factors for Respiratory failure Diagnostic studies for Respiratory failure Treatment of Respiratory failure
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Respiratory failure
International
Respiratory failure en Espanol Respiratory failure en Francais
Businness
Respiratory failure in the Marketplace Patents on Respiratory failure
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Respiratory failure

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Overview

Respiratory failure is a medical term for inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system. Respiratory failure can be indicated by observing a drop in blood oxygen level (hypoxemia) and/or a rise in arterial carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) which can be written as (PaO2 < 60 mmHg, PaCO2 >45 mmHg).

Classification into type I or type II relates to the absence or presence of hypercapnia respectively. (Values in kPA being PO2 below 8kPA and PCO2 above 6.7kPa

Types

Type 1

• Type 1 respiratory failure is defined as hypoxia without hypercapnia, indeed the CO₂ level may be normal or low. It is typically caused by a ventilation/perfusion mismatch; the air flowing in and out of the lungs is not matched with the flow of blood to the lungs.

this type is caused by conditions that affect oxygenation like 1.parenchymal disease(v-q mismatch) 2.diseases of vasculature and shunts.

Type 2

• Type 2 respiratory failure is defined build up of carbon dioxide that has been generated by the body. The underlying causes are reduced breathing effort (in the fatigued patient), increased resistance to breathing (such as in asthma) or an increase in the area of the lung that is not available for gas exchange (such as in emphysema).

Causes

• Pulmonary dysfunction
  • Asthma
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic obstructive airway disease
  • Pneumonia
  • Pneumothorax
  • Hemothorax
  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a specific and life-threatening type of respiratory failure.
  • Cystic Fibrosis
• Cardiac dysfunction
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Arrhythmia
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Heart valve pathology
• Other
  • Fatigue due to prolonged tachypnoea in metabolic acidosis
  • Intoxication with drugs (i.e. morphine, benzodiazepines) suppresses respiration.

Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Respiratory Failure

• Aspiration
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Atelectasis
• Bronchial asthma
• Bronchial Cancer
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Drug supression of respiratory center
• Elecrolyte abnormalities
• Emphysema
• Fibrosing alveolitis
• Flail chest
• Foreign body
• Glotto Emphysema
• Interstitial fibrosis
• Kyphoscoliosis
• Laryngo-/Bronchospasm
• Muscular dystrophies
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Noxious gasses
• Oblitertaive Vasculitis
• Pneumonia
• Pneumothorax
• Pulmonary Edema
• Pleural Effusion
• Pleural Fibrosis
• Poliomyelitis
• Polyrediculitis
• Restrictive Lung Disease
• Tension pneumothorax
• Tetanus

Treatment

Emergency treatment follows the principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Treatment of the underlying cause is required. Mechanical ventilation may be required.

External Links

eMedicine Respiratory Failure [4]

v • d • e Pathology of respiratory system (J, 460–519), respiratory diseases
Acute upper respiratory infections	Upper respiratory tract infection · Common cold · Rhinitis · Sinusitis · Pharyngitis (Strep throat) · Tonsillitis · Laryngitis · Tracheitis · Croup · Epiglottitis
Influenza and Pneumonia	Influenza · Pneumonia (Viral, Bacterial, Bronchopneumonia) · Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Other acute lower respiratory infections	Bronchitis (Acute, Chronic) · Bronchiolitis
Other diseases of upper respiratory tract	Vasomotor rhinitis · Hay fever · Atrophic rhinitis · Nasal polyp · Deviated septum · Adenoid hypertrophy · Peritonsillar abscess · Vocal fold nodule · Laryngospasm
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	Emphysema · COPD · Asthma · Status asthmaticus · Bronchiectasis
Lung diseases due to external agents	Pneumoconiosis (Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, Asbestosis, Silicosis, Bauxite fibrosis, Berylliosis, Siderosis) · Byssinosis · Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Farmer's lung, Bird fancier's lung)
Other, principally affecting the interstitium	Acute respiratory distress syndrome · Pulmonary edema · Hamman-Rich syndrome · Interstitial lung disease
Suppurative and necrotic conditions of lower respiratory tract	Lung abscess · Pleural effusion · Empyema
Other	Pneumothorax · Hemothorax · Hemopneumothorax · Mendelson's syndrome · Respiratory failure · Atelectasis · Mediastinal emphysema · Mediastinitis
see also congenital (Q30–Q34, 748)

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Respiratory failure (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Respiratory failure	Most recent articles on Respiratory failure • Most cited articles on Respiratory failure • Review articles on Respiratory failure • Articles on Respiratory failure in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Respiratory failure	Powerpoint slides on Respiratory failure • Images of Respiratory failure • Photos of Respiratory failure • Podcasts & MP3s on Respiratory failure • Videos on Respiratory failure
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Respiratory failure	Cochrane Collaboration on Respiratory failure • Bandolier on Respiratory failure • TRIP on Respiratory failure
Cost Effectiveness of Respiratory failure	Cost Effectiveness of Respiratory failure
Clinical Trials Involving Respiratory failure	Ongoing Trials on Respiratory failure at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Respiratory failure • Clinical Trials on Respiratory failure at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Respiratory failure	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Respiratory failure • NICE Guidance on Respiratory failure • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Respiratory failure • CDC on Respiratory failure
Textbook Information on Respiratory failure	Books and Textbook Information on Respiratory failure
Pharmacology Resources on Respiratory failure	Dosing of Respiratory failure • Drug interactions with Respiratory failure • Side effects of Respiratory failure • Allergic reactions to Respiratory failure • Overdose information on Respiratory failure • Carcinogenicity information on Respiratory failure • Respiratory failure in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Respiratory failure •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Respiratory failure	Genetics of Respiratory failure • Pharmacogenomics of Respiratory failure • Proteomics of Respiratory failure
Newstories on Respiratory failure	Respiratory failure in the news • Be alerted to news on Respiratory failure • News trends on Respiratory failure
Commentary on Respiratory failure	Blogs on Respiratory failure
Patient Resources on Respiratory failure	Patient resources on Respiratory failure • Discussion groups on Respiratory failure • Patient Handouts on Respiratory failure • Directions to Hospitals Treating Respiratory failure • Risk calculators and risk factors for Respiratory failure
Healthcare Provider Resources on Respiratory failure	Symptoms of Respiratory failure • Causes & Risk Factors for Respiratory failure • Diagnostic studies for Respiratory failure • Treatment of Respiratory failure
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Respiratory failure	CME Programs on Respiratory failure
International Resources on Respiratory failure	Respiratory failure en Espanol • Respiratory failure en Francais
Business Resources on Respiratory failure	Respiratory failure in the Marketplace • Patents on Respiratory failure
Informatics Resources on Respiratory failure	List of terms related to Respiratory failure

de:Ateminsuffizienz ja:呼吸不全 no:Respirasjonssviktfr:Insuffisance respiratoire

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .