Saxitoxin
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| Saxitoxin | |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (3aS-(3a-α,4-α,10aR*))2,6-diamino- 4-(((amino-carbonyl)oxy)methyl)-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro- 1H,10H-pyrrolo(1,2-c)purine-10,10-diol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 35523-89-8 |
| PubChem | 37165 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C10H17N7O4 |
| Molar mass | 299.29 |
| SMILES | N=C1N[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@H]3[C@] 2(N=C(N)N3)N1CCC2(O)O |
| Complete data | |
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Saxitoxin (STX) is a cyanotoxin found in marine dinoflagellates (algae). It is a neurotoxin that is a selective sodium channel blocker. The United States military isolated saxitoxin and assigned it the chemical weapon designation TZ. It is unique among toxins in that it acts in a matter of minutes. The median lethal dose (LCt50) of TZ is 5 mg·min/m³.
The medical importance of saxitoxin is in relation to red tide in shellfish and causes the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) food poisoning. The blocking of the sodium channel produces a flaccid paralysis that leaves its victim calm and conscious through the progression of symptoms. Death is from respiratory failure.
It is listed in schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Though its early isolation and characterization were related to military efforts, saxitoxin has been more important to cellular research in delineating the function of the sodium channel.
In episode 22 of the television series "Prison Break", a "glycoside saxitoxin hybrid" is used to cause cardiac arrest of a public official.
See also
External links
de:Saxitoxin it:Saxitossina ja:サキシトキシン no:Saxitoxin
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
