List of homologues of the human reproductive system
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The List of homologues of the human reproductive system shows how indifferent embryonic organs differentiate into the respective sex organs in males and females. Mullerian ducts are also referred to as paramesonephric ducts, and Wolffian ducts as mesonephric duct.
Counterparts
| Indifferent | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| Gonad | Testis | Ovary |
| Mullerian duct | Appendix testis | Fallopian tubes |
| Mullerian duct | Prostatic utricle | Uterus, proximal vagina |
| Mesonephric tubules | Efferent ducts, Paradidymis | Epoophoron, Paroöphoron |
| Wolffian duct | Rete testis | Rete ovarii |
| Wolffian duct | Epididymis | Gartner's duct |
| Wolffian duct | Vas deferens | |
| Wolffian duct | Seminal vesicle | |
| Wolffian duct | Prostate | Skene's glands |
| Urogenital sinus | Bladder, urethra | Bladder, urethra, distal vagina |
| Urogenital sinus | Cowper's or Bulbourethral gland | Bartholin's gland |
| Labioscrotal folds | Scrotum | Labia majora |
| Urogenital folds | Spongy urethra | Labia minora |
| Genital tubercle | Penis | Clitoris |
| Genital tubercle | Bulb of penis | Vestibular bulbs |
| Genital tubercle | Glans penis | Clitoral glans |
| Genital tubercle | Crus of penis | Clitoral crura |
| Prepuce | Foreskin | Clitoral hood |
| Peritoneum | Processus vaginalis | Canal of Nuck |
| Gubernaculum | Gubernaculum testis | Round ligament of uterus |
Diagram of internal differentiation
| A. primitive urogenital organs in the embryo previous to sexual distinction. | B. female type of sexual organs. | C. male type of sexual organs. |
| 3. Ureter | Ureter | Ureter |
| 4. Urinary bladder | Urinary bladder | Urinary bladder |
| 5. Urachus | Urachus | Urachus |
| i. Lower part of the intestine | i. Lower part of the intestine | i. Lower part of the intestine |
| cl. Cloaca | ||
| cp. Elevation which becomes clitoris or penis (genital tubercle) | cc. Corpus cavernosum clitoridis | cp. Corpora cavernosa penis cut short |
| ug. Sinus urogenitalis | C. Greater vestibular gland, and immediately above it the urethra | C. Bulbo-urethral gland of one side |
| f. The abdominal opening of the left uterine tube | ||
| g. Round ligament, corresponding to gubernaculum | g. The gubernaculum | |
| h. Situation of the hymen | ||
| ls. Labioscrotal folds | l. Labium major | s. Scrotum |
| n. Labium minus | ||
| m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the genital cord | m. Müllerian duct, the upper part of which remains as the hydatid of Morgagni; the lower part, represented by a dotted line descending to the prostatic utricle, constitutes the occasionally existing cornu and tube of the uterus masculinus | |
| ot. The genital ridge from which either the ovary or testis is formed. | o. The left ovary | t. Testis in the place of its original formation; t’, together with the dotted lines above, indicates the direction in which the testis and epididymis descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. |
| pr. The prostate | ||
| sc. Corpus cavernosum urethrae | sp. Corpus cavernosum urethrae | |
| u. Uterus. The uterine tube of the right side is marked m. | ||
| v. Vulva | ||
| va. Vagina | ||
| vh. Ductus aberrans | ||
| vs. The vesicula seminalis | ||
| W. Left Wolffian body | W. Scattered remains of the Wolffian body, constituting the organ of Giraldès, or the paradidymis of Waldeyer. | |
| w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts | W. Scattered remains of Wolffian tubes near it (paroöphoron of Waldeyer); dG. Remains of the left Wolffian duct, such as give rise to the duct of Gärtner, represented by dotted lines; that of the right side is marked w. | |
| po. Epoophoron |
Diagram of external differentiation
- A: Undifferentiated
- B: Female
- C: Male
- D: Female
- E: Male
- F: Female
External links
- Homologies of Male & Female Genitalia by the Foundation for Intimacy
Prenatal development/mammalian embryogenesis - Development of the urinary and reproductive organs | |
|---|---|
| General Urinary/Reproductive system | Cloacal membrane - Cloaca - Urethral groove - Urogenital sinus - Urachus - Urogenital folds |
| Kidney development | Nephrogenic cord - Nephrotome - Pronephros - Mesonephros (Mesonephric tubules) Ureteric bud - Metanephric blastema |
| Fetal genital development - primarily internal | Gonadal ridge - Sex cord (Cortical cords, Testis cords) Pronephric duct/Wolffian duct/mesonephric duct - Müllerian duct/paramesonephric ducts (Vaginal plate) |
| Primarily external | Genital tubercle - Phallus - Labioscrotal folds Gubernaculum - Processus vaginalis |
| see also list of homologues of the human reproductive system | |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
