Thyrotropin receptor
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The thyrotropin receptor (or TSH receptor) is a gene (and associated protein) which responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as "thyrotropin", and stimulates the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The TSH receptor is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins.[1]
It is primarily found on the surface of the thyroid epithelial cells.
It should not be confused with "thyrotropin-releasing hormone" (TRH) or "thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor" (TRHR).
See also
Further reading
- Führer D, Wonerow P, Willgerodt H, Paschke R (1998). "Identification of a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation (Leu629Phe) in a family with neonatal onset of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 (12): 4234-8. PMID 9398746.
- Farid NR, Kascur V, Balazs C (2000). "The human thyrotropin receptor is highly mutable: a review of gain-of-function mutations.". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 143 (1): 25-30. PMID 10870027.
- Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD (2002). "Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships.". Physiol. Rev. 82 (2): 473-502. doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2001. PMID 11917095.
- Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M, et al. (2004). "Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis.". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 26 (2 Suppl): 2-6. PMID 12762632.
- Arturi F, Scarpelli D, Coco A, et al. (2004). "Thyrotropin receptor mutations and thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas ten years after their first discovery: unresolved questions.". Thyroid 13 (4): 341-3. doi:10.1089/105072503321669811. PMID 12804102.
- Vaidya B, Campbell V, Tripp JH, et al. (2004). "Premature birth and low birth weight associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating thyrotropin receptor gene mutation.". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 60 (6): 711-8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02040.x. PMID 15163335.
- Takeshita A, Nagayama Y, Fujiyama K, et al. (1992). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of an alternatively spliced form of the human thyrotropin receptor transcript.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188 (3): 1214-9. PMID 1445355.
- Graves PN, Tomer Y, Davies TF (1992). "Cloning and sequencing of a 1.3 KB variant of human thyrotropin receptor mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 187 (2): 1135-43. PMID 1530609.
- Loosfelt H, Pichon C, Jolivet A, et al. (1992). "Two-subunit structure of the human thyrotropin receptor.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (9): 3765-9. PMID 1570295.
- Nagayama Y, Russo D, Wadsworth HL, et al. (1991). "Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (23): 14926-30. PMID 1651314.
- Murakami M, Mori M (1990). "Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 171 (1): 512-8. PMID 1697467.
- Heldin NE, Gustavsson B, Westermark K, Westermark B (1992). "A somatic point mutation in a putative ligand binding domain of the TSH receptor in a patient with autoimmune hyperthyroidism.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73 (6): 1374-6. PMID 1955520.
- Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A, et al. (1991). "Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (1-2): 82-3. PMID 2249482.
- Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ, et al. (1991). "Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing.". Mol. Endocrinol. 4 (8): 1264-76. PMID 2293030.
- Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, et al. (1990). "Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166 (1): 394-403. PMID 2302212.
- Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B (1990). "Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (3): 1184-90. PMID 2558651.
- Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C, et al. (1990). "Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (3): 1250-5. PMID 2610690.
- Cuddihy RM, Bryant WP, Bahn RS (1996). "Normal function in vivo of a homozygotic polymorphism in the human thyrotropin receptor.". Thyroid 5 (4): 255-7. PMID 7488864.
- Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Sarkar G (1994). "A genomic point mutation in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78 (2): 256-60. PMID 7508946.
- Sunthornthepvarakui T, Gottschalk ME, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S (1995). "Brief report: resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene.". N. Engl. J. Med. 332 (3): 155-60. PMID 7528344.
External links
- IUPHAR GPCR Database - TSH receptor
- MeSH Thyrotropin+Receptors
- GRIS: Glycoprotein-hormone Receptor Information System
References
Template:Membrane-protein-stub
Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors | |
|---|---|
| Class A: Rhodopsin like | Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A, B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2) |
| Class B: Secretin like | Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) - Cadherin (1, 2, 3) - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - EMR (1, 2, 3) - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157) - Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) - Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2) |
| Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone | Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)) |
| Frizzled / Smoothened | Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened |
Neuropeptide receptors | |
|---|---|
| Hypothalamic hormone receptors | CRH - FSH - LHRH - TRH - Somatostatin |
| Pituitary hormone receptors | Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2) - Oxytocin - LHCG - Type I cytokine receptor (GH, Prolactin) - TSH |
| Other hormone receptors | Atrial natriuretic factor - Calcitonin - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - VIP |
| Opioid receptors | Delta - Kappa - Mu - Sigma (1, 2) - Nociceptin |
| Other neuropeptide receptors | Angiotensin - Bradykinin (B1, B2) / Tachykinin (TACR1) - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Galanin - GPCR neuropeptide (B/W, FF, S, Y) - Neurotensin |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
