Tourettism

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Tourettism refers to the presence of Tourette-like symptoms in the absence of Tourette syndrome, as the result of other diseases or conditions, known as "secondary causes".

Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders,^[1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics.^[2]

Tic mimickers

• Chorea (disease)
• Myoclonus
• Dystonia
  • Torsion dystonia
  • Idiopathic dystonia

Genetic/chromosomal

• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Citrullinemia
• Down syndrome
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• Fragile X syndrome
• Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome
• Huntington's disease
• Klinefelter's syndrome
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
• Neuroacanthocytosis
• Neurodegeneration
• Phenylketonuria
• Schizophrenia
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Wilson disease
• XYY syndrome

Infectious or post-infectious

• Encephalitis
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Sydenham's chorea

Developmental

• Pervasive developmental disorders
  • Asperger's syndrome
  • Autism spectrum disorders
  • Rett syndrome
• Mental retardation
• Static encephalopathy
• Stereotypic movement disorder

Toxins/insults/acquired

• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Cerebral palsy
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Head trauma
• Hypoglycemia
• Intrauterine exposure to illicit drugs
• Intrauterine infections
• Mercury
• Neurocutaneous syndromes
• Neurosyphilis
• Perinatal asphyxia
• Stroke
• Wasp venom

Drugs

• Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa)
• Carbamazepine (Atretol, Epitol, Tegretol)
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
• Phenytoin (Dilantin)
• Phenobarbital
• Antipsychotics (e.g.; haloperidol)^[3][4]

See also

v • d • e Topics related to Tourette syndrome
Main	Causes and origins · History · Sociological and cultural aspects · Treatment
Terms	Coprolalia · Copropraxia · Echolalia · Echopraxia · Palilalia · Sensory phenomena · Tic · Tic disorder · Tourettism
History	Jean-Martin Charcot  · Georges Gilles de la Tourette  · Jean Marc Gaspard Itard  · Arthur K. Shapiro
Organizations	Tourette Syndrome Association · Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada
Media	I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me · John's Not Mad · The Tic Code · "Le Petit Tourette" · Motherless Brooklyn
Notable people	Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf · Howard Ahmanson, Jr · Pete Bennett · Brad Cohen · Jim Eisenreich · Tim Howard · Samuel Johnson · Andre Malraux · Tobias Picker · Nick van Bloss · Michael Wolff

Notes

References

• Bagheri M, Kerbeshian J, Burd L (1999). "Recognition and management of Tourette's syndrome and tic disorders". Am Fam Physician 59 (8): 2263-72, 2274. PMID 10221310. Full text
• Black, Kevin J. Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders. eMedicine.com March 22, 2006.
• Evidente, GH. "Is it a tic or Tourette's? Clues for differentiating simple from more complex tic disorders." PostGraduate Medicine Online. October 2000 108:5.
• Jankovic J, Mejia NI. Tics associated with other disorders. Adv Neurol. 2006;99:61-8. PMID 16536352
• Mejia NI, Jankovic J. Secondary tics and tourettism. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(1):11-17. PMID 15867978 Full-text PDF
• eMedicine article on Tardive dyskinesia Full article

External links

Erer S, Jankovic J. "Adult onset tics after peripheral injury." Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007 Feb 8; PMID 17292653

Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .