Trench fever
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| {You're Weird} Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | A79.0 |
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| ICD-9 | 083.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 29814 |
| eMedicine | med/2303 |
| MeSH | D014205 |
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Trench Fever is a moderately serious disease, transmitted by body lice. It infected the armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Slonika, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt in World War I[1][1] (including J.R.R. Tolkien[1]) and the German army in Russia during World War II.[1] From 1915-1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill were caused by Trench Fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease.[1] The disease persists among the homeless.[1] Outbreaks have been documented, for example, in Seattle, Washington and Baltimore, Maryland in the United States among injection drug users and in Marseille, France and Burundi.
Trench fever is also called Wolhynia fever, shin bone fever, quintan fever, five-day fever, Meuse fever, His disease and His-Werner disease (after Wilhelm His, Jr. and Heinrich Werner).
The disease is caused by the organism Rickettsia quintana, found in the stomach walls of the body louse.[1] Rickettsia is closely related to the more dangerous microbes of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus[1]
Pathology & transmission
Rickettsia quintana is transmitted by the by contamination of a skin abrasion or of a louse-bite wound with the faeces of an infected body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis), there has also been reports of an infected louse bite passing on the infection.[1][1]
Symptoms
The disease is classically a five-day fever of the relapsing type, rarely with a continuous course instead. Latent period is relatively long (about two weeks). The onset of symptoms is usually sudden with high fever, severe headache, pain on moving the eyeballs, soreness of the muscles of the legs and back, and frequently hyperaesthesia of the shins. The initial fever is usually followed in a few days by a single short rise but there may be many relapses between periods without fever.[1] The most constant symptom is pain in the legs.[1] Recovery takes a month or more. Lethal cases are rare, but in a few cases "the persistent fever might lead to heart failure".[1][1] After effects may include neurasthenia, cardiac disturbances and myalgia.[1]
Diagnostics
Serological testing (e.g., the Weil-Felix test) is typically used to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Most serological tests would succeed only after a certain period of time past the symptom onset (usually a week). Differential diagnosis list includes typhus, Ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, Lyme disease and virus-caused exanthema (measles, rubella).
Treatment
Tetracycline-group antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline) are commonly used. Chloramphenicol is an alternative medication recommended under circumstances that render tetracycline derivates usage undesirable (such as severe liver malfunction, kidney deficiency, in children under nine years and pregnant women). The drug is administered for seven to ten days.
The treatment for bacillary angiomatosis is erythromycin given for three to four months.[1]
References
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WikiDoc Research Resources for Trench fever | |
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| Articles on Trench fever | Most recent articles on Trench fever • Most cited articles on Trench fever • Review articles on Trench fever • Articles on Trench fever in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Trench fever | Powerpoint slides on Trench fever • Images of Trench fever • Photos of Trench fever • Podcasts & MP3s on Trench fever • Videos on Trench fever |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Trench fever | Cochrane Collaboration on Trench fever • Bandolier on Trench fever • TRIP on Trench fever |
| Cost Effectiveness of Trench fever | Cost Effectiveness of Trench fever |
| Clinical Trials Involving Trench fever | Ongoing Trials on Trench fever at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Trench fever • Clinical Trials on Trench fever at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Trench fever | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Trench fever • NICE Guidance on Trench fever • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Trench fever • CDC on Trench fever |
| Textbook Information on Trench fever | Books and Textbook Information on Trench fever |
| Pharmacology Resources on Trench fever | Dosing of Trench fever • Drug interactions with Trench fever • Side effects of Trench fever • Allergic reactions to Trench fever • Overdose information on Trench fever • Carcinogenicity information on Trench fever • Trench fever in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Trench fever • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Trench fever | Genetics of Trench fever • Pharmacogenomics of Trench fever • Proteomics of Trench fever |
| Newstories on Trench fever | Trench fever in the news • Be alerted to news on Trench fever • News trends on Trench fever |
| Commentary on Trench fever | Blogs on Trench fever |
| Patient Resources on Trench fever | Patient resources on Trench fever • Discussion groups on Trench fever • Patient Handouts on Trench fever • Directions to Hospitals Treating Trench fever • Risk calculators and risk factors for Trench fever |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Trench fever | Symptoms of Trench fever • Causes & Risk Factors for Trench fever • Diagnostic studies for Trench fever • Treatment of Trench fever |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Trench fever | CME Programs on Trench fever |
| International Resources on Trench fever | Trench fever en Espanol • Trench fever en Francais |
| Business Resources on Trench fever | Trench fever in the Marketplace • Patents on Trench fever |
| Informatics Resources on Trench fever | List of terms related to Trench fever |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
