Urinary bladder

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Urinary bladder
Urinary system.
Bladder
Latin	vesica urinaria
Gray's	subject #255 1227
Artery	Superior vesical artery Inferior vesical artery Umbilical artery Vaginal artery
Vein	Vesical venous plexus
Nerve	Vesical nervous plexus
Lymph	external iliac lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes
Precursor	urogenital sinus
MeSH	Bladder
Dorlands/Elsevier	v_07/12855244

WikiDoc Resources for Urinary bladder
Articles
Most recent articles on Urinary bladder Most cited articles on Urinary bladder Review articles on Urinary bladder Articles on Urinary bladder in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Urinary bladder Images of Urinary bladder Photos of Urinary bladder Podcasts & MP3s on Urinary bladder Videos on Urinary bladder
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Urinary bladder Bandolier on Urinary bladder TRIP on Urinary bladder
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Urinary bladder at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Urinary bladder Clinical Trials on Urinary bladder at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Urinary bladder NICE Guidance on Urinary bladder NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Urinary bladder CDC on Urinary bladder
Books
Books on Urinary bladder
News
Urinary bladder in the news Be alerted to news on Urinary bladder News trends on Urinary bladder
Commentary
Blogs on Urinary bladder
Definitions
Definitions of Urinary bladder
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Urinary bladder Discussion groups on Urinary bladder Patient Handouts on Urinary bladder Directions to Hospitals Treating Urinary bladder Risk calculators and risk factors for Urinary bladder
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Urinary bladder Causes & Risk Factors for Urinary bladder Diagnostic studies for Urinary bladder Treatment of Urinary bladder
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Urinary bladder
International
Urinary bladder en Espanol Urinary bladder en Francais
Businness
Urinary bladder in the Marketplace Patents on Urinary bladder
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Urinary bladder

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In anatomy, the urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ that sits on the pelvic floor in mammals. It is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

In males, the bladder is superior to the prostate, and separated from the rectum by the rectovesical excavation.

In females, the bladder is separated from the rectum by the rectouterine excavation, and it is separated from the uterus by the vesicouterine excavation.

Regions

• Trigone of urinary bladder: The ureters enter the bladder diagonally from its dorsolateral floor in an area called the trigone, which is a triangular shaped area on the postero-inferior wall of the bladder. The urethra exits at the lowest point of the triangle of the trigone.
• Apex: The Median umbilical ligament connects to the apex of the bladder.
• Neck: The Neck is connected to the pubic bone by the pubovesical ligament in women, and by the puboprostatic ligament in men.

Wall

The wall of the urinary bladder consists of three layers:

• Mucosa: in this instance transitional epithelium & lamina propria
• Detrusor muscle: consists of an inner and outer longitudinal layer and a middle circular layer of smooth muscle
• a fibrous adventitia and the visceral peritoneum: lie on superior surface

Detrusor muscle

The detrusor muscle is a layer of the urinary bladder wall made of smooth muscle fibers arranged in spiral, longitudinal, and circular bundles. When the bladder is stretched, this signals the parasympathetic nervous system to contract the detrusor muscle. This encourages the bladder to expel urine through the urethra.

For the urine to exit the bladder, both the autonomically controlled internal sphincter and the voluntarily controlled external sphincter must be opened. Problems with these muscles can lead to incontinence.

The urinary bladder usually holds 400–620 mL of urine, but it can hold twice this without rupturing if, for example, the outflow is obstructed.

The desire to urinate usually starts when the bladder reaches around 75% of its working volume. If the subject is distracted the desire can fade and return with more urgency as the bladder continues to fill.

See also

• Artificial bladder
• Bladder cancer
• Bladder sphincter dyssynergia, a condition in which the sufferer cannot coordinate relaxation of the urethra sphincter with the contraction of the bladder muscles
• Cystitis
• Hematuria, or presence of blood in the urine, is a reason to seek medical attention without delay, as it is a symptom of bladder cancer as well as bladder and kidney stones.
• Neurogenic bladder
• Ureterocele
• Urinary incontinence
• Urodynamics The study of the functional aspects of the detrusor muscle.
• Uvula of urinary bladder
• Vesicouretic reflux

External links

• Histology at KUMC epithel-epith09 "Urinary Bladder"
• Organology at UC Davis Urinary/mammal/bladder/bladder1 - "Mammal, bladder (LM, Medium)"
• Virtual Slidebox at Univ. Iowa Slide 445
• SUNY Labs 43:07-0100 - "The Female Pelvis: The Urinary bladder"
• SUNY Labs 44:04-0103 - "The Male Pelvis: The Urinary bladder"

Additional images

Structure of the penis	Organs of the female reproductive system.	Coronal section of pelvis, showing arrangement of fasciæ. Viewed from behind.	Dissection of side wall of pelvis showing sacral and pudendal plexuses. (Bladder visible at lower left.) |
The peritoneum of the male pelvis.	Median sagitta section of male pelvis.	Male pelvic organs seen from right side.	Median sagittal section of female pelvis.
The interior of bladder.	Vertical section of bladder wall.	Fundus of the bladder with the vesiculæ seminales.	Vertical section of bladder, penis, and urethra.
Female pelvis and its contents, seen from above and in front.	Topography of thoracic and abdominal viscera.	The bladder can be seen highlighted in yellow in the illustration.	Layers of the urinary bladder wall and cross section of the detrusor muscle.

v • d • e Anatomy: urinary system
Abdomen	Kidneys • Ureters • Orifice of ureter
Pelvis	Urinary bladder (Uvula, Trigone, Detrusor, Apex, Neck) Urethral sphincters (External sphincter muscle of male urethra, External sphincter muscle of female urethra, Internal sphincter muscle of urethra) Urethra
Development	Development of the urinary and reproductive organs

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Urinary bladder (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Urinary bladder	Most recent articles on Urinary bladder • Most cited articles on Urinary bladder • Review articles on Urinary bladder • Articles on Urinary bladder in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Urinary bladder	Powerpoint slides on Urinary bladder • Images of Urinary bladder • Photos of Urinary bladder • Podcasts & MP3s on Urinary bladder • Videos on Urinary bladder
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Urinary bladder	Cochrane Collaboration on Urinary bladder • Bandolier on Urinary bladder • TRIP on Urinary bladder
Cost Effectiveness of Urinary bladder	Cost Effectiveness of Urinary bladder
Clinical Trials Involving Urinary bladder	Ongoing Trials on Urinary bladder at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Urinary bladder • Clinical Trials on Urinary bladder at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Urinary bladder	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Urinary bladder • NICE Guidance on Urinary bladder • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Urinary bladder • CDC on Urinary bladder
Textbook Information on Urinary bladder	Books and Textbook Information on Urinary bladder
Pharmacology Resources on Urinary bladder	Dosing of Urinary bladder • Drug interactions with Urinary bladder • Side effects of Urinary bladder • Allergic reactions to Urinary bladder • Overdose information on Urinary bladder • Carcinogenicity information on Urinary bladder • Urinary bladder in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Urinary bladder •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Urinary bladder	Genetics of Urinary bladder • Pharmacogenomics of Urinary bladder • Proteomics of Urinary bladder
Newstories on Urinary bladder	Urinary bladder in the news • Be alerted to news on Urinary bladder • News trends on Urinary bladder
Commentary on Urinary bladder	Blogs on Urinary bladder
Patient Resources on Urinary bladder	Patient resources on Urinary bladder • Discussion groups on Urinary bladder • Patient Handouts on Urinary bladder • Directions to Hospitals Treating Urinary bladder • Risk calculators and risk factors for Urinary bladder
Healthcare Provider Resources on Urinary bladder	Symptoms of Urinary bladder • Causes & Risk Factors for Urinary bladder • Diagnostic studies for Urinary bladder • Treatment of Urinary bladder
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Urinary bladder	CME Programs on Urinary bladder
International Resources on Urinary bladder	Urinary bladder en Espanol • Urinary bladder en Francais
Business Resources on Urinary bladder	Urinary bladder in the Marketplace • Patents on Urinary bladder
Informatics Resources on Urinary bladder	List of terms related to Urinary bladder

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .