Vasoactive intestinal peptide
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| Vasoactive intestinal peptide
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| Identifiers | ||||||||||||||
| Symbol(s) | VIP; MGC13587; PHM27 | |||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 192320 MGI: 98933 Homologene: 2539 | |||||||||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | ||||||||||||||
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| Orthologs | ||||||||||||||
| Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||
| Entrez | 7432 | 22353 | ||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000146469 | ENSMUSG00000019772 | ||||||||||||
| Uniprot | P01282 | P32648 | ||||||||||||
| Refseq | NM_003381 (mRNA) NP_003372 (protein) | NM_011702 (mRNA) NP_035832 (protein) | ||||||||||||
| Location | Chr 6: 153.11 - 153.12 Mb | Chr 10: 4.7 - 4.71 Mb | ||||||||||||
| Pubmed search | [1] | [2] | ||||||||||||
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, also polypeptide[1]) is a peptide hormone containing 28 amino acid residues and is produced in many areas of the human body including the gut, pancreas and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain.
It has a half-life in the blood of about two minutes.
Function
VIP is a peptide that is present throughout the body, however it is at its highest concentration in the nervous and gastrointestinal systems.
There are increasing rates of gyconenolysis, water & electrolyte secretion from the pancreas and gut. Thus, stimulating bile flow, inhibiting gastrin and gastric acid secretion. VIP has an effect on several different parts of the body:
- With respect to the digestive system, VIP seems to induce smooth muscle relaxation (lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, gallbladder), stimulate secretion of water into pancreatic juice and bile, and cause inhibition of gastric acid secretion and absorption from the intestinal lumen.[1] Its role in the intestine is to greatly stimulate secretion of water and electrolytes[1], as well as dilating intestinal smooth muscle, dilating peripheral blood vessels, stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, and inhibiting gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. These effects work together to increase motility.[1]
- It also has the function of stimulating pepsinogen secretion by chief cells.
- It is also found in the brain and some autonomic nerves. One region of the brain includes a specific area of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the location of the 'master circadian pacemaker'. The SCN coordinates daily timekeeping in the body and VIP plays a key role in communication between individual brain cells within this region. Further, VIP is also involved in synchronising the timing of SCN function with the environmental light-dark cycle. Combined, these roles in the SCN make VIP a crucial component of the mammalian circadian timekeeping machinery.
- It is also found in the heart and has significant effects on the cardiovascular system. It causes coronary vasodilation[1] as well as having a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect. Research is being performed to see if it may have a beneficial role in the treatment of heart failure.
Pathology
VIP is overproduced in VIPoma.[1]
| Reference Range |
| <30 pg/ml |
Differential Diagnosis
- VIP-secreting tumors
- Can lead to Verner Morrison Syndrome
- includes watery diarrhea, hypokalemia & achlorhydria
See also
References
External links
Peptides: neuropeptides | |
|---|---|
| Hypothalamic | Somatostatin - CRH - GnRH - GHRH - Orexins - TRH - POMC (ACTH, MSH, Lipotropin) |
| Gastrointestinal hormones | Cholecystokinin - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide - Gastrin - Motilin - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide |
| Other hormones | Vasopressin - Calcitonin - |
| Other | Angiotensin - Bombesin/Neuromedin B - Calcitonin gene-related peptide - Carnosine - Delta sleep-inducing peptide - FMRFamide - Galanin - Gastrin releasing peptide - Kinins (Bradykinin, Tachykinins ) - Neuromedin (B, N, U) - Neuropeptide Y - Neurophysins - Neurotensin - Opioid peptide - Pancreatic polypeptide - Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide |
Hormones: gastrointestinal hormones |
|---|
| CCK - EGF - GIP - Gastrin releasing peptide - Gastrins - Proglucagon - Motilin - Peptide YY -Prokineticin - Secretin - VIP |
it:Peptide intestinale vasoattivo
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
