Vinpocetine
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| Image:Vinpocetine.png | |
| Vinpocetine
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (3α,16α)-Eburnamenine-14-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | N06 |
| PubChem | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C22H26N2O2 |
| Mol. mass | 350.454 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | 2.54 +/- 0.48 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status |
OTC |
| Routes | ? |
Vinpocetine (brand names: Cavinton, Intelectol; chemical name: ethyl apovincaminate) is a semisynthetic derivative of vincamine, which is extracted from the periwinkle plant. It increases cerebral blood flow and is said to improve memory.[citation needed]
It is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases I and IV, with an IC50 of approximately 10-5 M.
The substance is widely sold as a supplement; however, there appears to be some controversy over the possibility of adverse reaction, and low initial dose is recommended by some retailers. Vinpocetine is included in many performance-enhancing supplements to help with delivery of nutrients to muscles after workout[citation needed]. There is one isolated claim of agranulocytosis[citation needed].
Health and physiological applications of vinpocetine
Possible Nootropic Properties
It has been claimed in some quarters that vinpocetine has applications to improving memory, and, possibly, improving other forms of cognitive function [citation needed]. Whether this has been confirmed scientifically and objectively is yet to be established [citation needed].
Applications to muscle performance
Judging from the above, vinpocetine is regarded as having scientifically-verified applications to improving muscle performance/efficiency [citation needed]. The method via which this occurs is yet to be elaborated [citation needed].
Side-effects
Overall, Vinpocetine side-effects reported in the literature are rare, usually minor, frequently disappear with prolonged use, and rarely require discontinuance of the drug.
Stomach/ GI upset; dry mouth, rapid heart beat, low blood pressure, and rash/ hives are the main (rarely-occurring) reported side-effects. There have been no real adverse effects to this drug during human trials.
Vinpocetine is not recommended for pregnant women (at doses higher than 2-5 mg).
Care should be taken when it is taken with other nootropics. It is always recommended that a physician be consulted before use.
Dosage
It is recommended that first-time users ingest only 2-5 mg of vinpocetine to make sure they are not hypersensitive to it. Users may then increase the dosage to 10-30 mg a day (which may, although very rarely, cause some side-effects).
External links
References
Selective Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (C01CE, G04BE) | |
|---|---|
| PDE1 | Vinpocetine |
| PDE2 | EHNA |
| PDE3 | Amrinone, Bucladesine, Enoximone, Milrinone |
| PDE4 | Etazolate, HT-0712, Ibudilast, Mesembrine, Rolipram |
| PDE5 | Avanafil, Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Udenafil, Vardenafil |
Psychoanaleptics: psychostimulants, agents used for ADHD and nootropics (N06B) | |
|---|---|
| Centrally acting sympathomimetics | Amphetamine - Amphetaminil - Atomoxetine - Dextroamphetamine - Dextromethamphetamine - Fencamfamin - Fenozolone - Fenetylline - Methylphenidate - Mesocarb - Pemoline - Pipradrol - Prolintane |
| Xanthine derivatives | Caffeine - Propentofylline |
| Racetams | Aniracetam - Oxiracetam - Phenylpiracetam - Piracetam - Pramiracetam |
| Ampakines | CX-516 - CX-546 - CX-614 - CX-691 - CX-717 - IDRA-21 - LY-503,430 - PEPA |
| Eugeroics | Adrafinil - Armodafinil - Modafinil |
| Other psychostimulants and nootropics | Acetylcarnitine - Citicoline - Cyprodenate - Idebenone - Deanol - Dimebon - Fipexide - Linopirdine - Meclofenoxate - Nizofenone - Pirisudanol - Pyritinol - Sulbutiamine - Vinpocetine |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
