Endodermal sinus tumor
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| Endodermal sinus tumor Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-O: | 9071/3 |
|---|---|
| DiseasesDB | 4248 |
| MeSH | D018240 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
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Overview
Endodermal sinus tumor (EST), also known as yolk sac tumor (YST), is a member of the germ cell tumor group of cancers. Endodermal sinus tumor frequently develops within other kinds of germ cell tumor, particularly within teratoma. While pure teratoma is usually benign, endodermal sinus tumor is malignant.
Diagnosis
The histology of EST is variable, but usually includes malignant endodermal cells. These cells express alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can be detected in tumor tissue or serum. When there is incongruence between biopsy and AFP test results for EST, the result indicating presence of EST should guide treatment.[1] This is because EST often occurs as small "malignant foci" within a larger tumor, usually teratoma; biopsy of the tumor may reveal only teratoma, whereas elevated AFP in serum or cerebrospinal fluid reveals that EST is also present. GATA-4, a transcription factor, also may be useful in the diagnosis of EST.[1]
Treatment
Most treatments involve some combination of surgery and chemotherapy.
Before modern chemotherapy, this type of neoplasm was highly lethal, but the prognosis has significantly improved since.
References
External links
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
