Zellweger syndrome
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| Zellweger syndrome Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | Q87.8 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 277.86, 759.8 |
| OMIM | 214100 |
| DiseasesDB | 14248 |
| MeSH | D015211 |
Zellweger syndrome is a rare, congenital disorder (present at birth), characterized by the reduction or absence of peroxisomes (cell structures that rid the body of toxic substances) in the cells of the liver, kidneys, and brain.
Causes
It is characterized by an individual's inability to beta-oxidize very-long chain fatty acids in the peroxisomes of the cell, due to a genetic disorder in one of the several genes involved with peroxisome biogenesis.
Several peroxins are associated with Zellweger syndrome, including 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 14, and 26.[1]
Family
The disorder is one of three peroxisome biogenesis disorders which are also known as the Zellweger spectrum. The other two diseases are neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and infantile Refsum disease (IRD)[1]
Very long chain fatty acids are generally found in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peroxisomes of these cells can not import the necessary degrative proteins for B-oxidation to occur.
Zellweger syndrome is one of a group of genetic disorders called peroxisomal diseases that affect brain development and the growth of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering—which acts as an insulator—on nerve fibers in the brain.
Eponym
Named after Hans Zellweger, a former professor of Pediatrics and Genetics at the University of Iowa who did research into the disease.[1]
Presentation
The most common features of Zellweger syndrome include an enlarged liver, high levels of iron and copper in the blood stream, and vision disturbances. Some affected infants may show prenatal growth failure. Symptoms at birth may include a lack of muscle tone, an inability to move and glaucoma. Other symptoms may include unusual facial characteristics, mental retardation, seizures, and an inability to suck and/or swallow. Jaundice and gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur.
Prognosis
There is no cure for Zellweger syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. Infections should be guarded against to prevent such complications as pneumonia and respiratory distress. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. The prognosis for individuals with Zellweger syndrome is poor. Death usually occurs by 6 months of age, and may be caused by respiratory distress, gastrointestinal bleeding, or liver failure.
References
External links
Peroxisomal disorders | |
|---|---|
| Zellweger spectrum | Zellweger syndrome - Adrenoleukodystrophy (Adrenomyeloneuropathy) - Refsum's disease |
| Other | Acatalasia - Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata - Mevalonic aciduria |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
