Pneumopericardium

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List of terms related to Pneumopericardium

	Pneumopericardium;
	CT scan showing pneumopericardium with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusion after severe chest trauma
ICD-10	I31.9, P25.3, S26.8
ICD-9	770.2, 860.1
MeSH	D011026

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Please Join in Editing This Page and Apply to be an Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [3] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Pneumopericardium is a medical condition where air enters the pericardial cavity and a well-recognized clinical and radiologic entity. ^[2] It can be congenital, or introduced by a wound.

Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes

Congenital diseases
Surgery
Penetrating trauma
Blunt trauma (rare)
Infectious pericarditis with gas-producing organisms
Fistula formation between the pericardium and an adjacent air-containing organ (i.e. stomach or esophagus))

Diagnosis

Chest X-Ray

The heart partially or completely surrounded by air, with the pericardium sharply outlined by air density on either side.
Pneumopericardium can usually be distinguished from pneumomediastinum, since air in the pericardial sac should not rise above the anatomic limits of the pericardial reflexion on the proximal great vascular pedicle. Also on radiographs obtained with the patient in the decubitus position, air in the pericardial sac will shift immediately, while air in the mediastinum will not shift in a short interval between films.
Occasionally, it may not be possible to distinguish pneumopenicardium from pneumomediastinum on plain film.

Examples

References

↑ Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2: 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.
↑ SE Mirvis, M Indeck, RM Schorr, and JN Diaconis. Posttraumatic tension pneumopericardium: the "small heart" sign. Radiology 1986 158: 663-669.

External Links

Template:Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period Template:Injuries, other than fractures, dislocations, sprains and strains Template:SIB

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Konijn08-1] Konijn AJ, Egbers PH, Kuiper MA (2008). "Pneumopericardium should be considered with electrocardiogram changes after blunt chest trauma: a case report". J Med Case Reports. 2: 100. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-100. PMC 2323010. PMID 18394149.

[2] SE Mirvis, M Indeck, RM Schorr, and JN Diaconis. Posttraumatic tension pneumopericardium: the "small heart" sign. Radiology 1986 158: 663-669.

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